Authors maintain the copyright for their articles, and the journal operates under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 license, permitting use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium with proper citation. This license allows for both commercial and non-commercial reuse.

When incorporating previously published data (text, figures, tables, etc.), authors must obtain permission for usage and republication before submitting the paper. Permission is necessary when the article includes copyrighted information, unaltered tables, graphs, drawings, photographs, 3D models, or other content borrowed from external sources. If permission is granted, the appropriate attribution should be provided beneath the respective object, such as “Reproduced with permission from [author full name, source title, publisher, year].”

Permission is not required when authors significantly modify or enhance tables, graphs, or figures, or when using parts/fragments of their own previously published results. Short citations do not require permission but should be accompanied by proper references in the list.

The journal is committed to addressing issues related to copyright infringement, scientific misconduct, plagiarism, and other violations of publishing practices. Authors are expected to adhere to ethical principles in their research and writing, bearing ethical responsibility for their manuscript’s content. Authors affirm that their manuscript is original, respects intellectual property rights, and has not been submitted or published elsewhere. Adherence to scientific ethics is crucial, and authors are cautioned against any form of citation manipulation, with reference to COPE Guidelines on Citation Manipulation for detailed guidance. While the Editorial Board upholds quality standards, authors play a pivotal role in maintaining ethical standards in their submissions.